{"id":1638,"date":"2022-03-09T15:14:00","date_gmt":"2022-03-09T23:14:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jmcristobal.com\/?p=1638"},"modified":"2022-03-09T17:35:17","modified_gmt":"2022-03-10T01:35:17","slug":"configure-aaa-switch-cisco-ios","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jmcristobal.com\/es\/2022\/03\/09\/configure-aaa-switch-cisco-ios\/","title":{"rendered":"Configurar AAA en Switch Cisco IOS"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>AAA &#8211; Authentication, Authorization, Accounting<br><br><strong>Authentication<\/strong>: \u00bfQui\u00e9n es el usuario?<br><strong>Authorization:<\/strong> : \u00bfQu\u00e9 puede hacer el usuario?<br><strong>Accounting:<\/strong> : \u00bfQue hizo el usuario?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Los switches cisco utilizan dos protocolos para la comunicaci\u00f3n con los servidores AAA<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>TACACS+: Protocolo propietario de Cisco que separa las funciones AAA. Trabaja de forma segura encriptando el tr\u00e1fico TCP por el puerto 49. Cada instrucci\u00f3n o comando que se introduce en el equipo, el switch siempre pregunta al servidor si permite hacer la acci\u00f3n del comando introducida.<br><\/li><li>Radius: Protocolo abierto que combina autenticaci\u00f3n y autorizaci\u00f3n en un solo recurso; la comunicaci\u00f3n usa los puertos UDP 1812 y 1813 (contabilidad), pero no est\u00e1 completamente encriptada.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5><strong><span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-cyan-blue-color\">Configuraci\u00f3n:<\/span><\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Paso 1. Habilite AAA en el switch<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-background has-small-font-size\" style=\"background-color:#efefef\"><kbd>Switch(config)# <strong>aaa new-model<\/strong><\/kbd><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Paso 2. Definir por lo menos un usuario local<\/strong><br><br>Utilice nombres de usuario y contrase\u00f1as configurados localmente como \u00faltimo recurso de acceso:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-background has-small-font-size\" style=\"background-color:#efefef\"><kbd>Switch(config)# <strong>username<\/strong> <em>username<\/em> <strong>password<\/strong> <em>password<\/em><\/kbd><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Paso 3. Defina la fuente de autenticaci\u00f3n.<\/strong><br><br>Primero, defina cada servidor junto con su contrase\u00f1a secreta compartida:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-background has-small-font-size\" style=\"background-color:#efefef\"><kbd>Switch(config)#&nbsp;<strong>radius-server host<\/strong>&nbsp;{ hostname| ip-address } [&nbsp;<strong>key<\/strong>&nbsp;string]<br>Switch(config)#<strong>&nbsp;tacacs-server host<\/strong>&nbsp;{ hostname | ip-address} [&nbsp;<strong>key<\/strong>&nbsp;string]<\/kbd><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Luego defina un nombre de grupo que contendr\u00e1 una lista de servidores:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-background has-small-font-size\" style=\"background-color:#efefef\"><kbd>Switch(config)#&nbsp;<strong>aaa group server<\/strong>&nbsp;{&nbsp;<strong>radius<\/strong>&nbsp;|&nbsp;<strong>tacacs+<\/strong>} group-name<br>Switch(config-sg)#&nbsp;<strong>server<\/strong>&nbsp;ip-address<\/kbd><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Paso 4: Defina una lista de m\u00e9todos de autenticaci\u00f3n para probar.<\/strong><br><br>Puede enumerar los m\u00e9todos de autenticaci\u00f3n de inicio de sesi\u00f3n al switch, debe asignar un nombre descriptivo al m\u00e9todo o utilizando el m\u00e9todo \"default\" sin nombre. Enumere cada m\u00e9todo o tipo de protocolo en el orden en que debe ser probado. Si ninguno de los servidores del primer m\u00e9todo responde, el conmutador probar\u00e1 los servidores en el siguiente m\u00e9todo listado.<br><br>Use el siguiente comando de configuraci\u00f3n global para definir una lista de m\u00e9todos:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-background has-small-font-size\" style=\"background-color:#efefef\"><kbd>Switch(config)#&nbsp;<strong>aaa authentication login<\/strong>&nbsp;{&nbsp;<strong>default<\/strong>&nbsp;| list-name} method1 [ method2 ...]<\/kbd><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Aqu\u00ed los m\u00e9todos se refieren a las siguientes palabras clave:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>tacacs+: se prueba cada uno de los servidores TACACS + configurados en el switch, en el orden en que se configur\u00f3.<br><\/li><li>radius: se prueba cada uno de los servidores RADIUS configurados en el conmutador, en el orden en que se configur\u00f3.<br><\/li><li>local: las credenciales del usuario se comparan con todos los comandos de nombre de usuario configurados en el conmutador local.<br><\/li><li>line: las contrase\u00f1as de l\u00ednea autentican a cualquier usuario conectado. No se pueden usar nombres de usuario.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p> <strong>Paso 5. Aplique una lista de m\u00e9todos a las lineas vty o consola<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-background has-small-font-size\" style=\"background-color:#efefef\"><kbd>Switch(config)# <strong>line console | vty<\/strong> [<em>number-line<\/em>]<br>Switch(config-line)# <strong>login authentication<\/strong> { <strong>default<\/strong> | <em>list-name<\/em>}<\/kbd><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Paso 6. Definir permisos o autorizaci\u00f3n de los usuarios:<\/strong><br><br>Definamos una lista de m\u00e9todos de autorizaci\u00f3n que se probar\u00e1n en secuencia utilizando el siguiente comando de configuraci\u00f3n global:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-background has-small-font-size\" style=\"background-color:#efefef\"><kbd>Switch(config)#&nbsp;<strong>aaa authorization<\/strong>&nbsp;{&nbsp;<strong>commands<\/strong>&nbsp;|&nbsp;<strong>config-commands<\/strong>&nbsp;|&nbsp;<strong>configuration<\/strong>&nbsp;|&nbsp;<strong>exec<\/strong>&nbsp;|&nbsp;<strong>network<\/strong>&nbsp;|&nbsp;<strong>reverse-access<\/strong>} {&nbsp;<strong>default<\/strong>&nbsp;| list-name} method1 [ method2 ...]&nbsp;<\/kbd><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Luego, puede aplicar una lista de m\u00e9todos de autorizaci\u00f3n a una linea vty\/console. Los usuarios que accedan al switch a trav\u00e9s de esa l\u00ednea estar\u00e1n sujetos a autorizaci\u00f3n. Use el siguiente comando de configuraci\u00f3n de l\u00ednea:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-background has-small-font-size\" style=\"background-color:#efefef\"><kbd>Switch(config-line)#<strong>&nbsp;authorization<\/strong>&nbsp;{&nbsp;<strong>commands<\/strong>&nbsp;level |&nbsp;<strong>exec<\/strong>&nbsp;|&nbsp;<strong>reverse-access<\/strong>} {&nbsp;<strong>default<\/strong>&nbsp;| list-name}&nbsp;<\/kbd><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Si no usa este comando, el grupo predeterminado se usa para todas las l\u00edneas. Para configurar un interruptor para usar la autorizaci\u00f3n AAA para todas las l\u00edneas, ingrese lo siguiente:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-background has-small-font-size\" style=\"background-color:#efefef\"><kbd>Switch(config)#&nbsp;<strong>aaa authorization exec default group<\/strong>&nbsp;group-name&nbsp;<strong>none<\/strong><\/kbd><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Paso 7.- definir una lista de m\u00e9todos que proporcione una secuencia de m\u00e9todos accounting utilizando el siguiente comando de configuraci\u00f3n global:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-background has-small-font-size\" style=\"background-color:#efefef\">Switch(config)# aaa accounting { system | exec | commands level} { default | list-name} { start-stop | stop-only | <kbd>wait-start | none} Switch(config)#&nbsp;<strong>aaa accounting<\/strong>&nbsp;{&nbsp;<strong>system | exec | commands<\/strong>&nbsp;level} {&nbsp;<strong>default<\/strong>&nbsp;| list-name} {&nbsp;<strong>start-stop<\/strong>&nbsp;|<strong>&nbsp;stop-only<\/strong>&nbsp;|<strong>wait-start<\/strong>&nbsp;|&nbsp;<strong>none<\/strong>} method1 [ method2 ...]&nbsp;<\/kbd><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Aplicar la lista de m\u00e9todos de accounting a una l\u00ednea espec\u00edfica (consola o vty)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-background has-small-font-size\" style=\"background-color:#efefef\"><kbd>Switch(config-line)#&nbsp;<strong>accounting&nbsp;<\/strong>{&nbsp;<strong>commands<\/strong>&nbsp;level |&nbsp;<strong>connection<\/strong>&nbsp;|&nbsp;<strong>exec<\/strong>} {&nbsp;<strong>default&nbsp;<\/strong>| list-name}&nbsp;<\/kbd><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5><strong>Ejemplo:<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-background has-small-font-size\" style=\"background-color:#efefef\">Switch(config)# aaa new-model<br><kbd>Switch(config)# username jcristobal password MyPassword<\/kbd><br><br><kbd>Switch(config)# tacas-server host 10.1.1.1 key MyKey<br>Switch(config)# tacas-server host 10.1.1.2 key MyKey<br>Switch(config)# aaa group server tacacs+ MyAuthServers<br>Switch(config-sg)# server 10.1.1.1<br>Switch(config-sg)# server 10.1.1.2<\/kbd><br><br><kbd>Switch(config)# aaa authentication login MyMethodAuth group MyAuthServers local<br>Switch(config)# aaa authorization exec MyMethodAuth if-authenticated<br>Switch(config)# aaa authorization commands 15 MyMethodAuth if-authenticated<br>Switch(config)# aaa accounting exec MyMethodAuth start-stop group MyAuthServers<br>Switch(config)# aaa accounting commands 15 MyMethodAuth start-stop group MyAuthServers<\/kbd><br><br><kbd>Switch(config)# line vty 0 15<\/kbd><br><kbd>Switch(config-line)# login authentication MyMethodAuth<br>Switch(config-line)# authorization commands 15 MyMethodAuth<\/kbd><br><kbd>Switch(config-line)# authorization exec MyMethodAuth<br>Switch(config-line)# accounting commands 15 MyMethodAuth<br>Switch(config-line)# accounting exec MyMethodAuth<\/kbd><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>AAA &#8211; Authentication, Authorization, AccountingAuthentication: Who is the user?Authorization: What can the user do?Accounting: What did the user do? Cisco switches use <\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1392,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[233],"tags":[557,560,558,559,280,340,562,427,561],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v19.13 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Configure AAA Switch Cisco IOS - JMCristobal<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.jmcristobal.com\/2022\/03\/09\/configure-aaa-switch-cisco-ios\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Configure AAA Switch Cisco IOS - JMCristobal\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"AAA &#8211; Authentication, Authorization, AccountingAuthentication: Who is the user?Authorization: What can the user do?Accounting: What did the user do? 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