{"id":549,"date":"2021-01-04T08:00:06","date_gmt":"2021-01-04T14:00:06","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/jmcristobal.com.mx\/?p=549"},"modified":"2022-02-07T22:07:38","modified_gmt":"2022-02-08T06:07:38","slug":"managing-mac-addres-table","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jmcristobal.com\/es\/2021\/01\/04\/managing-mac-addres-table\/","title":{"rendered":"Managing MAC Addres Table"},"content":{"rendered":"<p lang=\"es-MX\">Los switches son dispositivos que operan en la capa 2 del modelo OSI (Data Link).  Env\u00eda frames basados en direcciones MAC destino (Media Access Control) que se encuentran dentro del mismo frame bas\u00e1ndose en su tabla CAM (Content Addressable Table).<\/p>\n<p lang=\"es-MX\">Cada puerto del switch es un dominio de colisi\u00f3n, el ancho de banda no se comparte y trabajan en Full duplex o Half duplex.<\/p>\n<p lang=\"es-MX\">Se puede limitar el tama\u00f1o de los dominios de broadcast a trav\u00e9s de la segmentaci\u00f3n por vlans y la comunicaci\u00f3n entre vlans es posible a trav\u00e9s de un dispsitivo de capa 3 como un router o un switch multicapa.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><br \/><!--more--><\/p>\n<p lang=\"es-MX\">Cuando los frames llegan al switch, las direcciones MAC origen se aprenden y se colocan en la tabla CAM, adem\u00e1s se agrega el puerto y la VLAN por el cual lleg\u00f3 junto con un timestamp (marca de tiempo), por default 300 segundos. Si la MAC destino no se encuentra en la Tabla de direcciones MAC, env\u00eda un Unknown Unicast flooding a todos los puertos que pertenecen a la misma vlan. Los equipos en la misma vlan reciben el Unknown Unicast y el equipo con la direcci\u00f3n MAC destino le responde al switch y este registra su MAC y vlan con el puerto de llegada. Por \u00faltimo el switch envia los frames hacia el destino con base a la informaci\u00f3n aprendida.<\/p>\n<p lang=\"es-MX\">Las direcciones MAC de broadcast y multicast tambi\u00e9n generan un flooding:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li lang=\"en-US\" style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">ffff.ffff.ffff &#8211; Broadcast<\/li>\n<li lang=\"en-US\" style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">01xx.xxxx.xxxx &#8211; Multicast IPv4<\/li>\n<li lang=\"en-US\" style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">3333.xxxx.xxxx &#8211; Multicast IPv6<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>CAM Table (Content-Addressable Memory)<\/h5>\n<p lang=\"es-MX\">Los switches pueden albergar muchas direcciones MAC en su tabla CAM, pero tienen un l\u00edmite.<\/p>\n<p lang=\"es-MX\">El tiempo en que la tabla CAM guarda la entrada de una MAC por default es de 300 segundos, si despu\u00e9s de los 300 segundos no se detecta otro frame por ese puerto se elimina la MAC de la tabla CAM.<\/p>\n<p lang=\"es-MX\">Si la direcci\u00f3n MAC se detecta en un puerto diferente, el switch crea un nuevo registro con el nuevo puerto, vlan y un nuevo timestamp, posteriormente se borra la entrada anterior. En caso de que el switch reciba un frame de una direcci\u00f3n MAC origen que ya se encuentra en la CAM, s\u00f3lo se actualiza su timestamp.<\/p>\n<p>Ver todas las direcciones MAC de la tabla CAM:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"height-set:true height:700 width-set:true width:700 toolbar:2 lang:sh decode:true\">Switch#show mac address-table \nLegend: * - primary entry\n        age - seconds since last seen\n        n\/a - not available\n\n  vlan   mac address     type    learn     age              ports\n------+----------------+--------+-----+----------+--------------------------\n*    8  1cc1.de3f.71b6   dynamic  Yes        105   Fa9\/5\n*    5  0017.a477.0004   dynamic  Yes         20   Po10\n*  115  0038.dfa3.a55d   dynamic  Yes         30   Fa9\/9\n*    8  0015.60de.08e6   dynamic  Yes         10   Fa9\/5\n* 2312  3333.0000.000d    static  Yes          -   Gi1\/1,Gi1\/3,Gi1\/4,Gi1\/5<\/pre>\n<p>Encontrar una direcci\u00f3n MAC espec\u00edfica:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"height-set:true width-set:true toolbar:2 lang:sh decode:true\"># show mac address-table address &lt;direcci\u00f3n mac&gt;\n\n!Example:\n\nSwitch#show mac address-table address 0017.a477.0004\nLegend: * - primary entry\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 age - seconds since last seen\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 n\/a - not available\n\n\u00a0 vlan\u00a0\u00a0 mac address\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 type\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 learn\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 age\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 ports\n------+----------------+--------+-----+----------+--------------------------\nSupervisor:\n*\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 5\u00a0 0017.a477.0004\u00a0\u00a0 dynamic\u00a0 Yes\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 135\u00a0\u00a0 Po10\n\nSwitch#<\/pre>\n<p>Ver todas las direcciones MAC apredidas por una interfaz:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"height-set:true width-set:true toolbar:2 lang:sh decode:true\"># show mac address-table dynamic interface &lt;tipo numero&gt;\n\n!Example:\n\nSwitch#sh mac address-table interface f9\/9\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\nLegend: * - primary entry\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 age - seconds since last seen\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 n\/a - not available\n\n\u00a0 vlan\u00a0\u00a0 mac address\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 type\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 learn\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 age\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 ports\n------+----------------+--------+-----+----------+--------------------------\n*\u00a0 115\u00a0 0038.dfa3.a55d\u00a0\u00a0 dynamic\u00a0 Yes\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 5\u00a0\u00a0 Fa9\/9\n*\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 4\u00a0 0023.18bc.5482\u00a0\u00a0 dynamic\u00a0 Yes\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 0\u00a0\u00a0 Fa9\/9\n\nSwitch#<\/pre>\n<p>Mostrar el tama\u00f1o actual de la tabla CAM:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"height-set:true width-set:true toolbar:2 lang:sh decode:true\"># show mac address-table count\n\n!Example 1:\n\nSwitch2#show mac address-table count \n\nMac Entries for Vlan 1:\n---------------------------\nDynamic Address Count\u00a0 : 0\nStatic\u00a0 Address Count\u00a0 : 0\nTotal Mac Addresses\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 : 0\n\nMac Entries for Vlan 10:\n---------------------------\nDynamic Address Count\u00a0 : 3\nStatic\u00a0 Address Count\u00a0 : 0\nTotal Mac Addresses\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 : 3\n\nMac Entries for Vlan 20:\n---------------------------\nDynamic Address Count\u00a0 : 3\nStatic\u00a0 Address Count\u00a0 : 0\nTotal Mac Addresses\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 : 3\n\nTotal Mac Address Space Available: 70013688\n\nSwitch#\n\n\n\n!Example 2:\n\nSwitch#show mac-address-table count \nMAC Entries\u00a0 for all vlans :\nDynamic Address Count:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 235\nStatic Address (User-defined) Count:\u00a0 203\nTotal MAC Addresses In Use:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 438\nTotal MAC Addresses Available:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 65536\n\nSwitch#<\/pre>\n<p>Agregar una direcci\u00f3n MAC est\u00e1tica a la tabla CAM<\/p>\n<pre class=\"height-set:true height:700 width-set:true toolbar:2 lang:sh decode:true\"># (config)# mac address-table static &lt;xxx.xxxx.xxxx&gt; vlan &lt;vlan-id&gt;  { drop | interface type number}\n\n!Example\n\nSwitch1(config)# mac address-table static 1111.2222.3333 vlan 10 interface g1\/1ddress-table static 1111.2222.3333 vlan 10 interface g1\/1<\/pre>\n<p lang=\"es-MX\">Las MAC introducidas est\u00e1ticamente no se borran de la tabla sin importar que est\u00e9n activas o no, quedan guardadas en el archivo de configuraci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n<p>Limpiar la tabla CAM (Solo entradas din\u00e1micas)<\/p>\n<pre class=\"height-set:true height:700 width-set:true toolbar:2 lang:sh decode:true\"># clear mac address-table dynamic [ address mac-address | interface type number | vlan vlan-id ]\n<\/pre>\n<p>Modificar timestamp de la CAM<\/p>\n<pre class=\"height-set:true width-set:true toolbar:2 lang:sh decode:true\">Switch(config)# mac address-table aging-time 120\n<\/pre>\n<p>Ver el el valor de la marca de tiempo de la tabla CAM<\/p>\n<pre class=\"height-set:true width-set:true toolbar:2 lang:sh decode:true\">Switch1# sh mac add aging\nGlobal Aging Time:\u00a0 120\nVlan\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Aging Time\n----\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 ----------\nSwitch1#<\/pre>\n<p lang=\"es-MX\">Tener cuidado con llenar la tabla CAM, debido a que si se llena el switch funciona como un Hub, s\u00f3lo inunda las tramas por todos los puertos.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>The video is in Spanish only<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Validando la tabla CAM\" width=\"660\" height=\"371\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/0M5T9rkWvO4?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><figcaption><strong><span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-red-color\">The video is in Spanish only<\/span><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Switches operate at layer 2 of the OSI model (Data Link). It sends frames based on destination MAC addresses (Media Access Control) <\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1374,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[233],"tags":[501,505,280,340,500,427,502],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v19.13 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Managing MAC Addres Table - JMCristobal<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/jmcristobal.com\/es\/2021\/01\/04\/managing-mac-addres-table\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Managing MAC Addres Table - JMCristobal\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Switches operate at layer 2 of the OSI model (Data Link). 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