{"id":621,"date":"2021-02-08T08:26:12","date_gmt":"2021-02-08T14:26:12","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/jmcristobal.com.mx\/?p=621"},"modified":"2022-02-11T19:02:39","modified_gmt":"2022-02-12T03:02:39","slug":"dtp","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jmcristobal.com\/es\/2021\/02\/08\/dtp\/","title":{"rendered":"DTP &#8211; Dynamic Trunking Protocol"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>DTP es propietario de cisco hablitado para negociar el modo trunking entre dos switches. Los firewalls y routers no participan en DTP, de hecho la recomendaci\u00f3n es deshabilitar DTP en estas interfaces. Un enlace troncal s\u00f3lo puede ser negociado entre dos switches s\u00f3lo si ambos pertenecen al mismo dominio de administraci\u00f3n VTP o si uno o ambos no tienen definido su dominio VTP, es decir que su dominio sea NULL.<\/p>\n<p>Si los dos switches est\u00e1n en diferentes dominios VTP, la mejor opci\u00f3n es poner los puertos en modo on o modo nonegotiate. Estas opciones fuerzan el establecimiento de un enlace troncal. <strong>on<\/strong> or <strong>nonegotiate<\/strong> mode. These options force the establishment of a trunk link.<\/p>\n<p>Por defecto los puertos de un switch de capa 2 no son troncales y operan como enlaces de acceso. Recordemos que los puertos troncales de los switches cisco pueden operar con ISL u 802.1Q, por defecto si DTP est\u00e1 habilitado la encapsulaci\u00f3n ISL es la preferida.<\/p>\n<p>Con el comando <strong>switchport mode<\/strong> puedes establecer el modo Trunking para cada puerto, los modos son los siguientes:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Trunk (on):<\/span><\/strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">\u00a0este modo se usa generalemente para establecer un enlace troncal incondicionalmente. Por lo tanto, el puerto del switch correspondiente en el otro extremo del enlace debe configurarse de manera similar. De esta forma, ambos switches siempre esperan que el enlace troncal est\u00e9 operativo sin negociaci\u00f3n alguna. Tambi\u00e9n debe configurar manualmente el modo de encapsulaci\u00f3n para eliminar su negociaci\u00f3n.Este modo sigue teniendo habilitado DTP  y si el puerto en el otro extremo esta configurado en modo trunk, dynamic desirable o dynamic auto  el enlace troncal es negociado satisfactoriamente.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Dynamic desirable (default on some catalyst)<\/span><\/strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">El puerto env\u00eda paquetes DTP activamente intentando establecer un troncal. Si el puerto del otro extremo esta configurado coma trunk, dynamic desirable o dynamic auto, el troncal es negociado satisfactoriamente.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Dynamic auto (default on some catalyst):<\/span><\/strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">\u00a0El puerto queda en estado pasivo, el puerto se puede convertir en un enlace troncal, pero solo si el switch del otro extremo le solicita ser troncal. Por lo tanto, si el puerto del conmutador del extremo lejano est\u00e1 configurado en modo trunk o dynamic desirable si se negocia el enlace troncal. Debido al comportamiento de negociaci\u00f3n pasiva, el enlace nunca se convierte en troncal si ambos extremos del enlace se dejan en dynamic auto.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Non-negotiable:<\/span><\/strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">\u00a0Deshabilita DTP<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>DTP env\u00eda frames cada 30 segundos para mantener informados a los puertos del switch vecino, el timeout es de 300 segundos. Se recomienda configurar manualmente los puertos troncales y de acceso en ambos extremos  (switchport mode trunk y switchport mode access) para eliminar cualquier problema con la operaci\u00f3n del enlace.<\/p>\n<p>Los modos DTP de los puertos del switch se configuran con el siguiente comando:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"height-set:true height:700 width-set:true width:700 top-set:false top-margin:10 bottom-set:false left-margin:10 toolbar:2 whitespace-before:1 whitespace-after:1 lang:sh decode:true\">Switch(config-if)# switchport mode trunk | dynamic {desirable | auto }<\/pre>\n<p>Los switches por default estan configurados para que negocien el encapsulamiento de la interfaz troncal con el siguiente comando que no es visible en la confguraci\u00f3n:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"height-set:true height:700 width-set:true width:700 top-set:false top-margin:10 bottom-set:false left-margin:10 toolbar:2 whitespace-before:1 whitespace-after:1 lang:sh decode:true\">switchport trunk encapsulation nogotiate<\/pre>\n<p>Debido a que el puerto esta en modo auto (negotiate) con el comando anterior, al poner el comando switchport mode trunk manda el siguiente mensaje de error:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"height-set:true height:700 width-set:true width:900 top-set:false top-margin:10 bottom-set:false left-margin:10 toolbar:2 whitespace-before:1 whitespace-after:1 lang:sh decode:true\">Switch(config-if)# switchport mode trunk\nCommand rejected: an interface whose trunk encapsulation is \"Auto\" con not be configured to \"trunk\" mode<\/pre>\n<p>Para utilizar el comando switchport mode trunk es necesario definir el modo de encapsulaci\u00f3n primeramente con el siguiente comando:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"height-set:true height:700 width-set:true width:700 top-set:false top-margin:10 bottom-set:false left-margin:10 toolbar:2 whitespace-before:1 whitespace-after:1 lang:sh decode:true\">Switch(config-if)# switchport trunk encapsulation isl | dot1q | negotiate<\/pre>\n<p>Posterior a definir el modo de encapsualmiento ya podemos configurar el modo trunk en el puerto.<\/p>\n<p>Comandos de configuraci\u00f3n utilizados para definir el modo VTP y los atributos de un enlace troncal:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"height-set:true height:700 width-set:true width:900 top-set:false top-margin:10 bottom-set:false left-margin:10 toolbar:2 whitespace-before:1 whitespace-after:1 lang:sh decode:true\">Switch(config)# interface type member\/module\/number\nSwitch(config-if)# switchport\nSwitch(config-if)# switchport trunk encapsulation isl | dot1q | negotiate \nSwitch(config-if)# switchport trunk native vlan vlan-id\nSwitch(config-if)# switchport trunk allowed vlan { vlan-list | all | { add | except | remove } vlan-list }\nSwitch(config-if)# switchport mode { trunk | dynamic {desirable | auto }}<\/pre>\n<p>Comandos de verificaci\u00f3n DTP:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"height-set:true height:700 width-set:true width:700 top-set:false top-margin:10 bottom-set:false left-margin:10 toolbar:2 whitespace-before:1 whitespace-after:1 lang:sh decode:true\">#show dtp [interface type member\/module\/number]\n\n!Example 1: See general information DTP\n\nSwitch# show dtp \nGlobal DTP information\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Sending DTP Hello packets every 30 seconds\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Dynamic Trunk timeout is 300 seconds\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 1 interface using DTP\n\n\n!Example 2: View DTP on an interface\n\nSwitch# show dtp interface gigabitEthernet 1\/1\nDTP information for GigabitEthernet1\/1:\n\u00a0 TOS\/TAS\/TNS:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 TRUNK\/ON\/TRUNK\n\u00a0 TOT\/TAT\/TNT:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 802.1Q\/802.1Q\/802.1Q\n\u00a0 Neighbor address 1:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 F8B7E2310112\n\u00a0 Neighbor address 2:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 000000000000\n\u00a0 Hello timer expiration (sec\/state):\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 16\/RUNNING\n\u00a0 Access timer expiration (sec\/state):\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 never\/STOPPED\n\u00a0 Negotiation timer expiration (sec\/state): never\/STOPPED\n\u00a0 Multidrop timer expiration (sec\/state):\u00a0\u00a0 never\/STOPPED\n\u00a0 FSM state:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 S6:TRUNK\n\u00a0 # times multi &amp; trunk\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 0\n\u00a0 Enabled:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 yes\n\u00a0 In STP:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 no\n\n\u00a0 Statistics\n\u00a0 ----------\n\u00a0 683072 packets received (683072 good)\n\u00a0 0 packets dropped\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 0 nonegotiate, 0 bad version, 0 domain mismatches, \n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 0 bad TLVs, 0 bad TAS, 0 bad TAT, 0 bad TOT, 0 other\n\u00a0 682938 packets output (682938 good)\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 682938 native, 0 software encap isl, 0 isl hardware native\n\u00a0 0 output errors\n\u00a0 0 trunk timeouts\n\u00a0 0 link ups\n\u00a0 2 link downs, last link down on Wed Sep 23 2015, 16:57:01<\/pre>\n<p>Otros comandos de verificaci\u00f3n:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"height-set:true height:700 width-set:true width:700 top-set:false top-margin:10 bottom-set:false left-margin:10 toolbar:2 whitespace-before:1 whitespace-after:1 lang:sh decode:true\">Switch# show interface type member\/module\/number trunk\nSwitch# show interface type member\/module\/number switchport\n\n!Example: \n\nSwitch# show interfaces gigabitEthernet 1\/1 switchport \nName: Gi1\/1\nSwitchport: Enabled\nAdministrative Mode: trunk\nOperational Mode: trunk (member of bundle Po2)\nAdministrative Trunking Encapsulation: dot1q\nOperational Trunking Encapsulation: dot1q\nOperational Dot1q Ethertype:\u00a0 0x8100\nNegotiation of Trunking: On\nAccess Mode VLAN: 1 (default)\nTrunking Native Mode VLAN: 1 (default)\nAdministrative Native VLAN tagging: enabled\nOperational Native VLAN tagging: disabled\nVoice VLAN: none\nAdministrative private-vlan host-association: none \nAdministrative private-vlan mapping: none \nOperational private-vlan: none\nTrunking VLANs Enabled: ALL\nPruning VLANs Enabled: 2-1001\nCapture Mode Disabled\nCapture VLANs Allowed: ALL\n\nUnknown unicast blocked: disabled\nUnknown multicast blocked: disabled<\/pre>\n<p>En la salida del comando show interfaces gigabitEthernet 1\/1 switchport podemos validar las configuraciones y negociaciones DTP, por ejemplo:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Switchport: Enabled\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong> \/\/Indica que el puerto funciona como capa 2<br \/>\n<strong>Administrative Mode: trunk\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong> \/\/Modo en el que esta Configurado el puerto<br \/>\n<strong>Operational Mode: trunk\u00a0<\/strong> \/\/Modo en el que esta operando el puerto a causa de la negociaci\u00f3n DTP<br \/>\n<strong>Administrative Trunking Encapsulation: dot1q<\/strong> \/\/Modo de encapsulaci\u00f3n configurada en el puerto<br \/>\n<strong>Operational Trunking Encapsulation: dot1q<\/strong>\u00a0 \/\/Modo en el que est\u00e1 operandoa causa de la negocicaci\u00f3n o la encapsualaci\u00f3n que se haya especificado.<br \/>\n<strong>Negotiation of Trunking: On<\/strong> \u00a0 \/\/Indica si DTP est\u00e1 habilitado<\/p>\n<p>El comando anterior nos da mucha informaci\u00f3n sobre la operaci\u00f3n del puerto en capa 2.<\/p>\n<p>Mas informaci\u00f3n:<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cisco.com\/c\/en\/us\/td\/docs\/switches\/lan\/catalyst3750x_3560x\/software\/release\/15-2_4_e\/configurationguide\/b_1524e_consolidated_3750x_3560x_cg\/b_1524e_consolidated_3750x_3560x_cg_chapter_010100.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.cisco.com\/c\/en\/us\/td\/docs\/switches\/lan\/catalyst3750x_3560x\/software\/release\/15-2_4_e\/configurationguide\/b_1524e_consolidated_3750x_3560x_cg\/b_1524e_consolidated_3750x_3560x_cg_chapter_010100.html<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>DTP is cisco&#8217;s proprietary protocol for negotiating trunking mode between two switches. A trunk link can only be negotiated between two switches <\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1392,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[233],"tags":[280,541,490,462,427,491],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v19.13 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>DTP - Dynamic Trunking Protocol - JMCristobal<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.jmcristobal.com\/2021\/02\/08\/dtp\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"DTP - Dynamic Trunking Protocol - JMCristobal\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"DTP is cisco&#8217;s proprietary protocol for negotiating trunking mode between two switches. 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